Human growth hormone (HGH) therapy involves injections of synthetic HGH to treat medical conditions that cause growth failure or short stature. It can help children reach a normal height if their bodies don't make enough natural HGH. For adults, approved uses include treating short bowel syndrome or muscle loss due to HIV/AIDS. Off-label uses like anti-aging are controversial.
How does HGH therapy work?
HGH therapy aims to restore normal HGH levels in the body. HGH stimulates cell reproduction and regeneration. So with more HGH available, cartilage cells in the long bones can reproduce, helping to lengthen bones. More HGH also builds more muscle mass. But it takes months for visible growth, as height increases slowly. And results depend on following the treatment regimen properly.
What are the benefits of HGH therapy?
For children unable to reach a normal height due to medical conditions, HGH therapy can add several inches to their adult height. It also improves height velocity. In one study, HGH therapy helped children grow 1 inch more per year compared to no treatment. For muscle wasting diseases, it can improve muscle strength and physical function. Patients report improved energy, skin thickness, and bone density. But more research on long-term efficacy and safety is needed.
What are the risks or side effects?
Potential side effects include muscle and joint pain, edema or swelling under the skin, carpal tunnel syndrome, and growth of cancer cells. Blood sugar levels may increase. Children may experience disproportionate growth of limbs and face. There’s also a slight risk that HGH therapy could cause scoliosis. So doctors monitor growth carefully during treatment. Long-term risks are still being studied. Misusing HGH as an anti-aging treatment can lead to serious health issues.
Who is a good candidate for HGH therapy?
Children with growth hormone deficiency, Turner syndrome, chronic kidney disease, Prader-Willi syndrome, or those born small for gestational age may benefit. Key factors are projected adult height and growth velocity. If a child is expected to reach a normal adult height without treatment, HGH therapy may not provide enough added benefit to justify potential risks. For adults, those with muscle wasting or unexplained weight loss due to HIV, short bowel syndrome, or pituitary tumors might consider HGH therapy under a doctor’s supervision.
